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Uncovering the Roots of Agriculture: An Etymological Analysis of the Albanian Word 'Plúar

Etymological analysis of the Albanian word "plúar" (plow).

"Plúar" shares a Central European origin with the Germanic etymon and represents a Northern European innovation also found in Old Irish ["dlongid" - "d"division-lu(movement)-gid(earth)]

The division of the word into three embryonic forms of the Albanian language "bë" (to do, me bo, ba), "lu" (move) and "ar" (working land) - provides an explanation for the meaning of the word and its connections with the roots European.
A plow is an agricultural tool used to break and turn the soil, preparing it for planting seeds or transplanting crops. It is a basic tool for tilling the soil, making it suitable for agriculture.
The logical connection between the plow and the embryoforms "bh(ë)" (to do), "lu" (move) and "ar" (and) lies in the function of the plow:
- "Bh(ë)" (to do) represents the action of tilling the land, cultivating it and making it suitable for agriculture.

- "Lu" (move) reflects the movement of the plow through the soil, breaking and turning it.
- "Ar" (field) is the object on which work is done, the land itself.
We have only one phonetic transformation b>p.
Together, these embriforms summarize the purpose of the plough: to work the soil (bhe), to move it (lu) to prepare it for agriculture, to act on the soil (ar).
From a linguistic point of view, the connection between the plow and the germ forms "bh(ë)" (to do, make), "lu" (move) and "ar" (earth, soil, arable, workin land) can be explained in the following terms:
- "Bh(ë)" (do) represents the verb component, which indicates the action of tilling the soil.
- "Lu" embodies the kinetic aspect, implying the movement and action of the plough.
- "Ar" constitutes the nominal element, which represents the object on which it is acted upon (ars).
Linguistically, this division illustrates:
- Verb-noun conjunction (bhë+ ar): The verb component "bh*ë)" joins the noun element "ar" to form a conjunction, conveying the action of working the field.
- Verb-verb conjugation [bh(ë)+ lu]: The verb components "bh(ë)" and "lu" join to form a conjunction, expressing the movement and action of the plow.
- Semantic composition: The combination of "bh(ë)", "lu" and "ar" creates a semantic composition, where the meaning of each component contributes to the overall meaning of the word "plúar".
This linguistic analysis shows how the embryo form "pluar" includes "be", "lu" and "ar" which converge to form a word that summarizes the function of the plough.
"Ar" comes from Proto-Albanian "*arwā" derived from Proto-Indo-European "*h₂r̥h3-wé-reh2", which carries the meaning of "fertile land". This root is related to Proto-Indo-European "*h₂erh₃-" meaning "to plough".
Cognates in Ancient Greek ("ἄρουρα" - ároura) and Sanskrit ("उर्वरा" - urvarā) highlight the common linguistic heritage of these languages.
The possible relationship with "arbër" (which means "Albanian") draws a connection between the concept of fertile land and the identity of the Albanian people.
The connection with Messapic "aran" further expands the family linguistic connections of the Albanian language.
The adjective "bluar" also proves the origin of this embryomorph from Albanian:


"Bluar" (Milled over) - That is made into flour or powder, finely crushed; chopped.

Copyright © 2024 Fatmir Iliazi

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